Turn a constraint into a starting point. Read a limit — budget, access, credentials, infrastructure — as the brief for a strategy rather than the reason there isn’t one.
NYU Stern EMBA • Course Reflection
What I Learned About the Creative Strategist?
Taught by Adam Brandenburger
The Strategist rests on a single premise: creativity in strategy is not a gift but a craft, made up of four moves — Constraint, Combination, Contrast, and Context — that anyone can learn to apply to any problem.
The Four Cs
- • Constraint — read a limit as the brief.
- • Combination — assemble what already exists.
- • Contrast — test the assumption everyone treats as fixed.
- • Context — move an idea across fields by analogy.
What I learned
Four things I can now do — one per C.
Create value by recombining what already exists. Recognize that most novelty comes from assembling inherited parts in a new configuration, not from inventing at zero.
Name the assumption everyone treats as fixed — then test it. Surface the conventional wisdom holding an industry in place, and ask what becomes possible if it turns out to be false.
Move an idea across fields by analogy. Borrow a solved problem from one context as the lead for an unsolved one in another, and learn from outsiders, extreme users, and non-customers.
Course focus
SwipeThe four Cs, through my own work
Four strategists I studied and wrote about, one for each move.
Tulsi Tanti and Suzlon Energy
Tulsi Tanti never set out to build an energy company. He was a textile manufacturer in 1990s India whose factory was strangled by unreliable, expensive power. Most operators in his position treated that as the cost of doing business. Tanti treated it as a brief. He bought wind turbines to run his own mill — and found that the problem he had solved for himself was one every industrial firm in the country shared. Suzlon was founded in 1995 out of that realization, and constraint kept shaping it: customers who could not fund projects upfront produced a financing model that lowered the barrier to adoption; a supply chain he could not rely on produced vertical integration and acquisition. The founding limitation never left the logic of the company.
What I took from it: A constraint is a question about an unmet need. If it binds on you, it is probably binding on a market.
Ustad Ahmad Ma’mar Lahori and the Taj Mahal
Lahori was asked for something without precedent: a tomb that was also a monument to love, and a piece of state infrastructure projecting Mughal permanence. In a seventeenth-century world with limited access to outside ideas, he did not invent — he recombined. He took the form of Humayun’s tomb, designed by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza, and joined it to the minarets of Jahangir’s tomb in Lahore, which carried Turkic influence. He fused Persian charbagh garden geometry with indigenous Indian materials and craft, red sandstone with white marble, a mosque with a guest house. What came out was a new style — Indo-Islamic architecture — and a building that outlived the empire that commissioned it.
What I took from it: Power is built through assembly. The parts are usually already in the room; the strategy is the configuration.
Open the Combination: Architecture deck(opens in new tab)Richard Williams
Everything about professional tennis said champions were made one way: private academies, junior circuits, country-club access, generational money. Richard Williams built a plan that contradicted nearly all of it. He worked at a country club, noticed that a tournament winner’s check was larger than his salary, and reverse-engineered a path from public courts and discarded balls. He trained his daughters against criticism and bias as deliberately as he trained their footwork, and he kept education and identity inside the plan rather than sacrificing them to it. Venus and Serena did not only win. They changed who could imagine belonging in the sport at all.
What I took from it: Contrast is not contrarianism. It is identifying the assumption an industry has stopped examining, and being willing to become the proof that it is false.
Charles Babbage and the Jacquard Loom
Babbage was a mathematician, but the idea that made him matter came off the textile floor. Joseph-Marie Jacquard’s loom used punched cards to control complex woven patterns: a hole gave the machine one instruction, its absence gave another, and a design could be read and repeated indefinitely. Babbage looked past the cloth. What the loom proved was that instructions could live outside a machine and still direct it — and he carried that logic into the Analytical Engine, the first design for a programmable computer. It was never fully built in his lifetime. The transfer held anyway.
What I took from it: Having worked in both fashion and technology, this one is personal. The answer to your problem is often already solved — well — in an industry that has never heard of you.
My strategic manifesto
I came into this course thinking strategy was a plan made from the top: terrain studied, orders given, objectives taken. I now think it is closer to a forest. Everyone runs their own function so that all can thrive, and your position decides whether you are in a fight or standing alone in a clearing.
Strategy is not inevitable. It is shaped, revised, and tested. It takes analysis, but also imagination, empathy, buy-in, and judgment — the willingness to understand what resources are truly available, what hidden forces are at work, and what must be protected.
I collect ideas, stories, patterns, and analogies. My advantage is not that I have followed one straight road; it is that I have moved across many terrains — factories, classrooms, product teams, retail floors, startups, two countries — and learned to carry insight from one to the next. Constraints forced that resourcefulness on me, and I have come to see resourcefulness as a strategy in its own right.
So I will treat strategy as a discipline rather than an academic exercise. I will ask of any activity whether it increases value, creates differentiation, or widens the gap between willingness-to-pay and cost — and if it does not deepen purpose or build capability, I will question whether it deserves my time. I will keep reading beyond business: nature, design, technology, history, human behavior. I will test ideas small before committing large. I will invite disagreement early, because strategy without challenge becomes self-deception.
I want to be the learner who sees patterns, the builder who works within constraints, the outsider who notices what insiders overlook, and the leader who helps others believe in a path forward.
Strategy is more than winning. Sometimes it is surviving and finding a way. Sometimes it is thriving. Sometimes it is knowing when to turn back before the summit. The strongest strategist is not the person most attached to the original plan — it is the person who can still think clearly when the weather changes.
It reduces to four questions I can ask at any point
What do I have?
What do I lack?
What can I combine?
What can I learn from another context?
Pull quotes
“The parts are usually already in the room. The strategy is the configuration.”
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The world is large enough for many champions. My work is to know where I can create value, learn, partner, and thrive.
Source material
Drawn from five course memos — Richard Williams, the Taj Mahal, Suzlon Energy, Charles Babbage, and The Strategist is Me — plus the Combination: Architecture deck.
- Combination: Architecture — slide deck(opens in new tab)